In dieser Lektion
Wortschatz
Was trรคgst du heute?
Hier sind vier Personen. Was tragen diese Personen?ย Von links nach rechts sehen Sie Elizabeth, Simone, Faye und Maureen.
Lesen
Sprechen
Was trรคgst du heute? Sprechen Sie mit einer Partnerin oder einem Partner. Stellen Sie ja/nein Fragen:
- Trรคgst du ein Kleid?
- Trรคgst du eine Hose?
- Trรคgst du Sandalen?
- Trรคgst du eine Jacke?
- Trรคgst du ein T-Shirt?
- Trรคgst du einen Rucksack?
- Trรคgst du eine Brille?
- …
Strukturen
Verben:ย tragen (to wear)
The irregular verb “tragen” (to wear or to carry) is often referred to as a “vowel-changing verb” because it has a vowel change in the present-tense singular “du” and “sie / er / es” forms, where the vowel “a” becomes “รค” (a with an umlaut above it).
singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
ich | trage | wir | tragen |
du | trรคgst | ihr | tragt |
Sie | tragen | Sie | tragen |
sie / es / er xier / they | trรคgt | sie | tragen |
Other vowel-changing verbs that follow the same pattern (a => รค; au => รคu) include “schlafen” (to sleep), “waschen” (to wash), and “laufen” (to walk or run).
Verben:ย sehen (to see)
“Sehen” (to see) is also an irregular verb with a vowel change in the present tense. Like “tragen,” it has a vowel change in the singular “du” and “sie / er / es” forms, but with “sehen” the vowel “e” becomes “ie.”
singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
ich | sehe | wir | sehen |
du | siehst | ihr | seht |
Sie | sehen | Sie | sehen |
sie / es / er xier / they | sieht | sie | sehen |
Another vowel-changing verb that follows the same pattern (e => ie) is “lesen” (to read): ich lese, du liest, sie / es / er liest, wir lesen, usw.
Schreiben
Was tragen Sie heute?
Make a list of things that you and some of your classmates are wearing.ย Keep this list.ย You might need it for homework!ย See the example below.
Adan |
lila T-shirt |
braune Hose |
weiรe Sportschuhe |
Sprechen
Was sehen Sie? Was tragen diese Personen?
Discuss the picture below with a partner. What do you see? What are the people wearing? What colors and articles of clothing do you see?
Was siehst du auf diesem Foto? Wer trรคgt was?
=>ย Ich sehe … Sie / Er / Es / Xier trรคgt …
Strukturen
Pluralformen
Unlike English nouns, which usually form their plurals with the suffix -s, German has a variety of commonly-appearing plural forms. Consider the following examples:
singular | plural | singular + plural in vocabulary lists | English meaning (singular) |
---|---|---|---|
der Badeanzug | die Badeanzรผge | der Badeanzug, -ยจe | bathing suit |
der BH / der Bรผstenhalter | die BHs / die Bรผstenhalter | der BH, -s / der Bรผstenhalter, – | bra / brassiere |
das Hemd | die Hemden | das Hemd, -en | button-down shirt |
das Kleid | die Kleider | das Kleid, -er | dress |
das Kopftuch | die Kopftรผcher | das Kopftuch, -ยจer | headscarf |
der Mantel | die Mรคntel | der Mantel, -ยจ | coat |
der Pullover / der Pulli | die Pullover / die Pullis | der Pullover, – / der Pulli, -s | pullover sweater; sweatshirt |
der Rock | die Rรถcke | der Rock, -ยจe | skirt |
der Schuh | die Schuhe | der Schuh, -e | shoe |
die Socke | die Socken | die Socke, -n | sock |
der Stiefel | die Stiefel | der Stiefel, – | boot |
das T-Shirt | die T-Shirts | das T-Shirt, -s | t-shirt |
die Unterhose | die Unterhosen | die Unterhose, -n | underpants |
As the table shows, the definite article for all plural nouns is “die,” regardless of the noun’s class in the singular.
A few German nouns form plurals by adding the suffix -s the same way most English nouns do. This is not common except with loan words like “das T-Shirt” or abbreviated words like “der Pulli” (short for “der Pullover”). Both of these nous form their plurals with -s (die T-Shirts; die Pullis).
German nouns form plurals in several other ways too: by adding the suffix -e, -er, -n, or -en; by adding an umlaut (ยจ) to the main vowel (with a, o, or u only); or by combining a suffix with an umlauted vowel. Some nouns– such as “der Pullover” and “der Stiefel” above– have no additional plural ending, so their plurals are signaled in other ways, such as the article “die” (die Pullover, die Stiefel). Paying attention to the context will help you determine whether these are singular or plural forms.
The vocabulary lists inย Grenzenlos Deutschย provide the plural forms of nouns by adding a comma and a dash after the singular form, followed by an umlaut (if applicable) andย the plural suffix. For example, “die Bluse, -n” indicates that the plural of “die Bluse” (blouse) is “die Blusen,” and “der Rucksack, -ยจe” signals that the plural form of “der Rucksack” is “dieย Rucksรคcke.”
A dash with nothing following it indicates that the noun’s plural form is the same as its singular form. Remember, however, that the definite article will always become “die” for plural nouns. “der Gรผrtel, –” therefore indicates that the plural form of “der Gรผrtel” (belt) is simply “die Gรผrtel” (no additional suffix), while “der Mantel, -ยจ” indicates that the plural of “der Mantel” (coat) has no additional suffix but that the stem vowel gets an umlaut: “die Mรคntel.”
It is important to note that, while the English pants, underpants, andย glasses are always plural,ย their German equivalents are singular: “die Hose, -n,”ย “die Unterhose, -n,” and “die Brille, -n” are only used in their plural forms when referring to multiple pairs. But other German clothing terms borrowed from English, such as “die Jeans” and “die Shorts,”ย have plural forms only!
TIPP: When you learn a new noun, be sure to learn its both its singular class (die, das, der) as well as its plural form.
Arbeit mit der Struktur
Hรถren
Welche Kleidungsstรผckeย gibt es in Ihrem Kleiderschrank?